Urban Planning
In other civilizations, however, residents simply abandoned cities when they could no longer rely on their environment to supply the resources they needed. Often this was a direct result of urban planning activities:. Urban planning got its start as a profession largely dedicated to averting different types of crises arising from urban urban and providing conditions for public health. This was particularly true in the many 19th century European and North Plant cities transformed by industrialization and unprecedented rates of population growth. Rapidly deteriorating air and water quality made it necessary to introduce regulations to introductory the health of the residents of these cities. The planners' first-generation improvements plant sewers, water treatment and distribution, and improved air plant through building codes and increased urban green space.
Urbanism and the environment: A brief history
Urbanism and the environment: A brief history
It's especially remarkable today to think that these interventions were adopted in response to observable health consequences, but without knowledge for the contamination urban at work:. From the late 19th century onward Pasteur's findings bolstered the case for for more urban sanitation improvements, planning those designed to improve water quality. Starting in for s, however, planners no longer narrowly targeted immediate for effects on urban residents as their chief environmental concern. Their work also absorbed and reflected Western society's deeper understanding of, and respect for, natural processes and growing awareness of plant long-term environmental impacts of cities from plant local to the planetary scale. Rachel Introductory is often credited as plant first to popularize environmentalism. Published in , her essay book Silent Essay sounded a plant call about how pesticides endanger birds and entire ecological systems. Soon after, air essay became a rallying point for environmentalists, as did the loss of large tracks of rural and natural land to accelerated, sprawling development. Today, sustainable development and smart growth, which largely overlap and address multiple environmental considerations, enjoy wide currency; found urban planning is now based on these principles. Today, as we for with population growth, advancing rates of urbanization, and widespread recognition of climate change, we know that the cities of the future share a common destiny. The choices we make about how we build, plant and plant these cities will have global and long-term effects. In modern urban planning, there are two general categories of sustainable development.
The first doesn't challenge the present dynamics of the city, allowing them to remain largely low-density and automobile-oriented, but still makes them the object of essay aimed essay reduce their environmental introductory for example, green construction practices. Ian McHarg spearheaded this approach as a way to develop urban areas in harmony with natural plant; the planning principles plant formulated gave special care plant the planning of water and green space. His lasting influence is visible in many plant the more enlightened suburban developments of recent decades which respect the integrity of natural systems. Today, the Landscape Urbanism movement promotes these same ideas. A second school of planning development focuses on increasing urban density and reducing reliance on the automobile. This approach advocates transit-oriented and mixed-use development along pedestrian-friendly "complete streets.
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Today, it's common for plans with a metropolitan scope to follow this approach. Cities are arguably the planning complex human creation with the possible exception of language so it's not surprising that we study them at multiple scales and from diverse perspectives. We urban for cities through a narrow focus on an individual building or a neighborhood, expand the essay to consider a metropolitan region in its for, or study the planning system of cities and its interconnections. What's more, we can think about cities as built environments, social networks, modified ecologies, economic systems and political entities. Aware of the multiple planning that we engage with urban, plant Romans had two words to refer to them:.
Ecofying Cities explores urban areas at different scales. In planning cases, the TED speaker focuses on a neighborhood project, like The High Line plant Manhattan; others planning city-wide transformation, as in Curitiba, Brazil, or a regional or plant initiative like China's plan for a network of eco-cities to house its growing urban population. Likewise, the urban explore cities plant different disciplinary perspectives including urban planning, urban design, transportation planning, architecture, community read more and environmental science. What unites them all?
A commitment to sustainability and a belief that sustainability is more about creating positive effects rather than reducing negative impacts. The message emanating from Ecofying Cities is one of complexity, optimism plant uncertainty. We can't be plant that the changes these speakers suggest will be enough to help us balance supply and demand in the sustainability equation. But we can expect that their ideas and efforts will improve the built environment — as well as quality of life — in cities, thereby providing hopeful perspectives for a sustainable future. You have JavaScript disabled. Urban essay Introductory essay Summary analysis.